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United States

Notes and sources

08 · 19 notes
  1. 1Mariano Estornés Lasa and Gloria Pilar Totoricagüena Egurrola, “Estados Unidos de América. Oeste americano”, Auñamendi Eusko Entziklopedia, Eusko Ikaskuntza. https://aunamendi.eusko-ikaskuntza.eus/fr/estados-unidos-de-america-oeste-americano/ar-50446-145436/↩
  2. 2Gloria Pilar Totoricagüena Egurrola, “Estados Unidos de América. Nevada”, Auñamendi Eusko Entziklopedia, Eusko Ikaskuntza. https://aunamendi.eusko-ikaskuntza.eus/eu/estados-unidos-de-america-nevada/ar-26810/↩
  3. 3Gloria Pilar Totoricagüena Egurrola, “Estados Unidos de América. Idaho”, Auñamendi Eusko Entziklopedia, Eusko Ikaskuntza. https://aunamendi.eusko-ikaskuntza.eus/artikuluak/artikulua.php?ar=27125&id=eu↩
  4. 4Gloria Totoricagüena, Boise Basques: Dreamers and Doers, Colección Urazandi, vol. 3, Basque Government, 2003. Chapters on the formation of the Basque community of Boise, Euzkaldunak and dance; table I (censuses of 1980, 1990 and 2000). https://www.euskadi.eus/contenidos/informacion/06_urazandi_coleccion/es_712/adjuntos/urazandi03.pdf↩
  5. 5Gloria Totoricagüena, with Emilia Sarriugarte Doyaga and Anna M. Renteria Aguirre, The Basques of New York: A Cosmopolitan Experience, Colección Urazandi, vol. 12, Basque Government, 2003. “Valentín and Benita Orbe Aguirre”, “A selection of Basque boardinghouses” and “Centro Vasco-Americano Sociedad de Beneficiencia y Recreo”. https://www.euskadi.eus/contenidos/informacion/06_urazandi_coleccion/es_712/adjuntos/urazandi12.pdf↩
  6. 6Argitxu Camus Etchecopar, The North American Basque Organizations (NABO), Incorporated: Ipar Amerikako euskal elkarteak, 1973-2007, Colección Urazandi, vol. 19, Basque Government, 2007. Introduction, chapter 2 (“The Early Years of NABO: 1973-1986”) and “NABO Music Camp or Udaleku”. https://www.euskadi.eus/contenidos/informacion/06_urazandi_coleccion/es_712/adjuntos/urazandi19.pdf↩
  7. 7Pedro J. Oiarzabal, Gardeners of Identity: Basques in the San Francisco Bay Area, Colección Urazandi, vol. 23, Basque Government, 2009. Chapter 3, “Boardinghouses—Ostatuak—and Restaurants”. https://www.euskadi.eus/contenidos/informacion/06_urazandi_coleccion/es_712/adjuntos/urazandi23.pdf↩
  8. 8Eneko Sanz Goikoetxea and Óscar Álvarez Gila, Delegaciones de Euskadi (1936-1975), Colección Urazandi, vol. 24, Basque Government, 2010. “La Delegación en Nueva York (1938-1966)”, “La subdelegación de Boise (Idaho)” and note 347 (Jon Bilbao). https://www.euskadi.eus/contenidos/informacion/06_urazandi_coleccion/es_712/adjuntos/urazandi24.pdf↩
  9. 9Matthew Wills, “The Racial Myth of the Basque Sheepherder”, JSTOR Daily, 30 January 2026, on Mariel Aquino, “‘It Has a Way of Getting in Your Blood When You're Basque’”, Western Historical Quarterly, vol. 50, no. 4, 2019. https://daily.jstor.org/the-racial-myth-of-the-basque-sheepherder/↩
  10. 10North American Basque Organizations, “U.S. Basque Population”, based on the 2000 United States census. https://www.nabasque.eus/us_basque_population.html↩
  11. 11“About the Center for Basque Studies”, University of Nevada, Reno. https://www.unr.edu/basque-studies/about↩
  12. 12“FAQ”, Jaialdi 2025. https://www.jaialdi.com/faq/↩
  13. 13“Basque Museum & Cultural Center History”, Basque Museum & Cultural Center, Boise. https://basquemuseum.eus/visit/basque-museum-cultural-center-history/↩
  14. 14“Muere a los 96 años Paul Laxalt, quien fuera gobernador de Nevada, senador en Washington y presidente del Partido Republicano”, euskalkultura.eus, 7 August 2018. https://www.euskalkultura.eus/espanol/noticias/muere-a-los-96-anos-paul-laxalt-quien-fuera-gobernador-de-nevada-senador-en-washington-y-presidente-del-partido-republicano↩
  15. 15“Pete Cenarrusa, Idaho's longest serving elected official, dies at age 95”, The Spokesman-Review, 29 September 2013. https://www.spokesman.com/stories/2013/sep/29/pete-cenarrusa-idahos-longest-serving-elected-offi/↩
  16. 16“Why there is a National Basque Sheepherder Monument in Reno”, About Basque Country, 16 April 2023. https://aboutbasquecountry.eus/en/2023/04/16/why-there-is-a-national-basque-sheepherder-monument-in-reno/↩
  17. 17The project's own database, based on the official register at euskaletxeak.eus: 36 entities recognised today in the United States.↩
  18. 18“History”, The Basque Block, Boise. https://www.thebasqueblock.com/history↩
  19. 19William A. Douglass, “Calculating Ethnicity Through the U.S. Census: The Basque Case”, BOGA: Basque Studies Consortium Journal, vol. 4, no. 1, 2016 (abstract). https://scholarworks.boisestate.edu/boga/vol4/iss1/1/↩